Disdrometr is a device for analyzing the volume of distribution of micro particles in a controlled environment. The main application is to determine the size, speed, and number of raindrops. With disdrometer the meteorologist differ raindrops from graupel and hail. Hygrometer is a device used for detecting and measuring humidity. There are several types of hygrometers coil, hair tension, capacitive, resistive and others , whose operation is based on different principles.
Scientific American has a grate article about how to create your own hair hygrometer. A nephelometer is an instrument for determining the suspension of small particles in a liquid or a gas colloid.
The particle density is obtained from the amount of light reflected from individual particles. A correlation between the turbidity and suspended solids is therefore varying from case to case. The nephelometers are used for air quality measurement for pollution monitoring, climate monitoring, and visibility.
A pilot balloon is used by meteorologists to measure the height of the underside of the clouds from above the ground. It is used during daylight hours. The balloon is filled to such degree that its ascent rate is known. By measuring the time period between the start of the balloon and the moment it hides in the cloud can be determined the height of the cloud base. By tracking the trajectory, earlier with a theodolite, and today by radar or GPS , direction and speed of high-altitude winds are determined.
A snow gauge is a measuring device used in the field of meteorology to measure the water equivalent of an amount of snowfall. It can be equipped with a single vertical metric scale for manual check, or use some electronic system — ultrasonic, infrared, laser.
This device is used in snow studies and it is similar in design to a rain gauge. Ceilometers — meteorological instruments for determining the height of the cloud base. To operate is either used a laser or other source of coherent light. Ceilometers also used to determine the concentration of aerosols in the atmosphere. Laser ceilometer consists of a vertical laser and a light receiver, typically a lidar. The laser pulse duration of a few nanoseconds is sent up to the atmosphere. While the beam passes through the atmosphere some of its energy is scattered by the aerosol particles with a size of about the wavelength of laser beam.
Because of the effect, called Mie scattering, some of the light is scattered back and captured by the ceilometer receiver. The time delay of the received signal can be converted into the distance by the using a formula.
A Barograph is an instrument for recording air pressure onto a drum covered with paper for a set period of time. The resulting curve is called a barogram. The evaluation of the barogram can give to the weather expert evidence of future weather developments.
Barographs are often found on ships. A dropsonde is a type of radiosonde. This is a device dropped from a flying aircraft, with or without parachute to collect environmental data in the atmosphere during its fall to the ground.
This probe is similar to a shell or a cylinder and contains all the necessary instruments. The tipical use is in hurricane research. The hurricane reconnaissance aircraft unleash many dropsondes through the weather system, and then the device receives the radio data, analyzes and transmits the results back to the forecast center. There are three basic types of detectors: Earth system, which uses multiple antennas; mobile system, that uses a sensitive antenna usually on board of an aircraft; and spatial system.
The land and mobile detectors auto calculated direction and severity of the lighting from the mounted location, using radio techniques. Terrestrial systems use triangulation from multiple locations to determine the distance, while mobile systems are using the distance estimate signal frequency and attenuation.
This is a cylindrical galvanized steel tank, 1. It is placed on a wooden platform, perfectly horizontal. The instrument works by measuring the volume of water required to maintain a constant level in a given time, which can be 6, 12 or 24 hours.
The volume of water consumed becomes mm of water evaporated per unit of time. A weather radar or weather radar, is a type of radar used in meteorology to locate precipitation, calculate its trajectory and estimate their types rain , snow , hail , etc.
In addition, three-dimensional data can be analyzed to extract the structure of storms and their potential path and damage. Finally, the echoes of rainfall and clear atmosphere of the meteo radar can estimate the direction and speed of wind in the lower parts of the atmosphere. The widespread use of radar during the Second World War revealed the appearance of a noise caused by signals reflected from the areas of precipitation.
Rain gauges are also known as udometer, pluviometer and ombrometer. Non-Recording Type Rain Gauge 2. Recording Type Rain Gauges. Many studies have shown that shielding gauge orifices increases the precipitation catch. The global precipitation measurement GPM mission is an international network of satellites that provide the next-generation global observations of rain and snow. Table of Contents. Select personalised ads. Apply market research to generate audience insights.
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